Battle of Badr and Imam Ali bin Abi Talib "peace be upon him"
Historical overview:
Badr is the name of a well that is far from Madina for about 160 kilometers - its old name Yathrib, a city most of its people believed in the message of Islam, so the first Muslims immigrated to it with the Prophet of Allah and established the first Islamic society, based on justice, equality, brotherhood, and the sharing of money and property among people, as it is called "fraternity".
The battle named after that well took place in the second year of the Hijra on Friday 17 of the Holy Ramadan, and it is called the Great Battle of Badr, where the Messenger of Allah, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, prepared to go out with three hundred and nineteen men, who had two horses and seventy camels.
The army was divided into two battalions:
• Al Muhajireen Brigade and gave its brigade to Ali bin Abi Talib, "peace be upon him."
• Ansar Brigade and gave its brigade to Saad bin Muadh.
Battle’s reasons:
The polytheists of the Quraysh tribe have forcibly seized the money of the people of Medina after they entered Islam, as well as confiscated the property of the Muslims in Makkah after they migrated to escape the persecution of the Quraishis against them.
Then they took the confiscated Muslim properties to sell in the Levant.
In that year of the battle, the Muslims in Medina had expanded their control over the roads connecting Mecca and the Levant, so the convoys of the polytheists were forced to travel on roundabout roads in order not to pass through the Muslim-controlled areas. As Quraish, led by Abu Sufyan and Abu Jahl, decided to open these roads by force, so they gathered about a thousand fighters and went to attack Medina in order to eliminate the Muslims and seize their existing community in one city that was called before it was called Medina, Yathrib.
So the battle took place between the thousand polytheists, of whom six hundred were horsemen, and only three hundred Muslims, among whom was none other than horsemen.
Whereas the battle began with a duel, then the two armies were united, and they were unequal, neither in terms of numbers nor in terms of equipment. But Allah sent down many of his gentleness and mercy, and the power of Allah Almighty intervened, so Allah Almighty achieved victory for Islam and Muslims, and the power of the Quraysh was defeated.
On the other hand the Messenger of Allah, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, had a wise leadership that was unparalleled, and Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, had a great role in this battle. Moreover his distinguished courage appeared among the Muslims, and it is useful here to point out that Hamza is the uncle of the Prophet and Ali bin Abi He called upon them, peace be upon them, fighted alone the most dangerous knights of polytheists.
However among the paradoxes of history, the one who became the first emperor to inherit the throne in contravention of the orders of the Messenger of Allah is Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan, whose brother, grandfather, maternal uncle, cousin and uncles were killed in Badr by Ali bin Abi Talib. Thus would we be surprised that Muawiyah hates Imam Ali, peace be upon him?
Meanwhile the Prophet’s habit is that he invites his warriors always to dr reconciliation, making conversations and peace, but Quraysh refused and Abu Jahl said: “I swear to Allah, we do not return until we reach Badr and live in it three times; we slaughter the camels, we feed food and drink wine, and Arab hear about us, so they still fear us.”
The war ended with a crushing defeat for the army of the polytheists, and Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, emerged in this battle in action and saying. Also it was mentioned in the book "History of the City of Damascus", that among the Muslims who witnessed Badr are those who said that they heard a caller saying, "There is no sword but Zulfiqar, and no boy other than Ali".
Imam Ali and the Battle of Badr:
The Battle of Badr was the first major armed battle that the Prophet, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, and the Muslims fought against the polytheists of the Quraysh. The Messenger, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, had unparalleled courage, and Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, had a great role in this battle. His distinguished courage appeared between Muslim ranks, where Ali bin Abu Talib, peace be upon him, was a young man.
The Imam was the first to meet the polytheists in the duel with his companions, when “Utbah bin Rabi’a” emerged between his brother “Shaybah” and his son “Al-Walid” among the polytheists. He called for the duel, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, said: “Stand up, O Ubaidah bin Al-Harith, stand up, O Hamzah, and stand up, O Ali. Then Ubaidah - and the oldest of the people - competed Utbah bin Rabiah, Hamza competed Shaybah bin Rabi’a, and the Imam competed Al-Walid bin Utbah, as for Hamza did not allow Shaybah and killed him, but Ali did not allow Alwaleed and killed him.
And regarding the combatants, the saying of Allah Almighty was revealed: “These were two opponents who contested their Lord”, as Bukhari reported in his Sahih.
Mr. Zuhair Al-Araji said in The Social Biography of Imam Ali, peace be upon him:
The Great Battle of Badr had great connotations in the escalating confrontation between faith and polytheism. For that the battle carried the keys to victory or defeat for both parties of the conflict. Even the terror that crept among the polytheists from the sword of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the sword of Ali, peace be upon him, and the swords of the rest of the Muslims had its psychological and legal conditions that reveal the supernatural power of faith and the impossibility of a peaceful coexistence between polytheism and faith.
Moreover the Imam, peace be upon him, emptied his heroic energy in the first battle he waged against polytheism, for he transmitted real psychological terror in the hearts of the polytheists on the battlefield. As he, peace be upon him, was the mean of heaven in casting terror in their hearts, so that heroism changed the behavior of the polytheists, and changed it from an imminent attack against Muslims to a certain escape, terrible defeat, and destruction of the administration of polytheism and paganism.
The superhuman heroism of the Imam, peace be upon him, was one of the important means of that psychological war. The heroism of the Imam, peace be upon him, reversed the behavior of the heroes of the polytheists and made them defeated in front of him like the broken, wounded hyenas. The heroism under this title was a miraculous symbolic act by Ali, peace be upon him, in order to persuade the opposite party to flee from the battlefield. This actually happened, so the Arab knights of the polytheists began to race the wind so that the sword of Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, would not touch them. Thus the heroic characteristics of the Imam, peace be upon him, throughout the psychological war against the polytheists combined in three ways:
First: His accurate knowledge of the enemy’s elite members, and his control of the battlefield to wrestle with them.
Second: Love, sermons and poems that he used, peace be upon him, to undermine the enemys self-confidence.
Third: Attacking the enemy valiantly, instead of waiting for defense. So that the attack is what achieves reaching the goal and achieving the demand to kill the enemy.
In addition in the books of the biography “Al-Irshad” by Sheikh Al-Mufid, it was mentioned that Amir al-Muminin, peace be upon him, competed with Hanzalah bin Abi Sufyan, so he killed him. After him Taaima bin Uday came out to fight the Imam and he killed him, and after him he killed Nawfal bin Khuwaylid and he was one of the demons of the Quraysh. The Imam continued to kill them one by one until he came and Hamza over half of them, they were seventy men
The Banner with the Imam:
Al-Tabari narrated in reference to Ibn Abbas, that he said: Al-Muhajiroun on the day of Badr were seventy-seven men, and the Ansar were two hundred and thirty-six men, and the owner of the banner of the Messenger of Allah was Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, and the owner of the banner of the Ansar Saad bin Ubadah. So “Ibn Abdul-Barr Al-Maliki” said:
They unanimously agreed that Ali, peace be upon him, prayed the two qiblas, migrated and witnessed Badr, was the bearer of the banner of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace and his family, and the day of Badr he was beside him. Also referring to Al-Maliki, in reference to Ibn Abbas, he said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him, gave the banner on the day of Badr To Ali, who is twenty years old.
Adding to that Ibn Asakir al-Shafi’i narrated, in reference to Ibn Abbas, who said: The banner of al-Muhajireen was with Ali, peace be upon him, in all the positions, on the day of Badr, on the day of Uhud, on the day of Khaybar, on the day of al-Ahzab, and on the day of the conquest of Mecca, and it was still with him in all the positions.
It was also said: “Amir al-Muminin, Ali, peace be upon him, fought the polytheists with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon shim and his family, over the word of monotheism, the Holy Book, and affirming the pillars of prophethood and the principles of Islam. His sword had a distinct role, and his jihad had a clear effect on the word there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, the Arabian Peninsula. His steadfastness with the Messenger, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, in many of the battles in which the supporters were glorified, the freinds were few, and the enemies were numerous, had a great impact on the great victories that strengthened the position of Islam and established its pillars. ” By this Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, was the bearer of the banner of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace and his family, and reach the level of preciousness in the heart of the Messenger. The messenger also didnt inform anyone about his sayings unless he.
In the Prophet’s biography and the Aleppo biography, he, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, held two black flags on the day of Badr, one with Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, and it is called “punishment” as the leader al-Muhajerin, and the other with Saad bin Muadh as commander of the Ansar.
Hadiths of the Prophet on the battle and singled out Ali with the departed:
Among the hadiths narrated from the Messenger of Allah, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, that highlight the position of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, is what was narrated by the biography books. The army of Muslims, in addition to being few in number, had limited militant equipment. The Holy Prophet didnt have other than seventy camels, and the distance between Madinah and Badr is more than one hundred and sixty kilometers, so the Prophet, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, gave a directive that all three be singled out for a journey. And he, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, said: “I, Ali, and Abu Lababa are on one journey.”
Moreover according to Al-Mustadrak of Al-Hakim, Majma Al-Zawaid, Al-Sunan Al-Kubra by Al-Nisa’i, and the Great Classes of Ibn Saad, and the History of Islam by Al-Dhahabi that Ali, peace be upon him, said: When it was on the day of Badr, I fought with a kind of a fight, then I came quickly to look at the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace and his family, what he did. Then he said that, when I came, I saw him prostrating and saying, "O Hayy, O Qayyum," O Hayy, O Qayyum”, only without addition, so I went back to the fight. Then I came when he was prostrating and said that too, so I went to the fight, then I came while he was prostrating saying that, until Allah responded to him.
The dead people who were killed by the sword of Ali:
• Hanzalah bin Abi Sufyan, Muawiya’s brother.
• Al-Walid bin Utbah and Khal Muawiyah.
• Abu Qais bin Al-Walid, brother of Khalid bin Al-Walid.
• Utba, a grandfather of Muawiyah.
Utbah bin Rabia.
• Amer bin Abdullah Al-Nimri.
• Taaima bin Uday bin Nofal.
• Al-Aas bin Saeed Al-Aas.
Uqba ibn Abi Maait.
• Zamah bin Al-Aswad.
• Nawfal bin Khuwaylid bin Asad.
• Al-Nadr bin Al-Harith bin Kalda bin Alqama.
• Umair bin Othman bin Amr bin Kaab bin Saad bin Taym.
• Harmala bin Amr.
• Masoud bin Abi Umayya bin Mugheerah.
• Hajib bin Al-Saib bin Awaimer bin Amr bin Aydh bin Imran bin Makhzoum.
• Abdullah bin Al-Mundhir bin Abi Rifaa.
• Ibn Al-Aas bin Munabbih bin Al-Hajjaj.
• Al-Aas bin Qais bin Uday bin Saad bin Saham.
Poems regarding the battle:
Among these poems were some that had been composed by Imam:
I am for war ready for it, and I myself fear it
I have the forerunner in Islam, a child and a leader
I have honor on the people in "Fatima" and her sons
Then my honor to the Messenger of Allah that he let me marry her
I have stands in Badr in which people were confused about it
And in Uhud and Hunayn then other attacks after it
I am the bearer of the banner, I truly contain it
And if he ignites a war, Ahmed would start it with me
And if the Messenger of Allah called to me, I would answer
Moreover the Imam said on the day of Badr:
We supported the Messenger of Allah when they worked hard and the reasoned Muslims returned from their stray path to him
We beat up passionate people instead of him generously, and when they saw the intention of the path or the guidance
And when we were given guidance, we were all
Over the obedience of the Most Gracious, the truth, and the piety
He said also on the day of Badr:
The war during which I fought repeatedly knew who am I
During two years I learned that
The night was scattered as if I am a genie
I go to the war and practice in it every art
I have my weapon and my gear
And I am strict man who get rid of every anguish
I take away every enemy from me
Like this, my mother gave birth to me
And the imam said upon killing al-Walid bin Utbah on the day of Badr from polytheism:
Damn and miserable you, Ibn Utbah
I give you a cup of death a drop
I do not give a damn after that
From what was said about the Imam:
Al-Nawawi said: And the historians agreed upon his witness of Badr, and the Prophet, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, gave him the brigade. On the day of Badr, the brigade of the polytheists was with Talha bin Abi Talha, so Ali, so Ali, peace be upon him, killed him. Thus Al-Hajjaj bin Al-Salami said about that:
Any sinner who was responsible his war os left for Allah
I mean the blessed son of Fatima
Your hands quickly ran to him and stabbed him
It left Talihah’s forehead bloody
It strengthened the power, and revealed them
By the right, as they deserve, they are entitled
You raised up your sword in blood, and it was not
To turn it back empty, until it is fell
And from what was said about Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in the Battle of Badr: The poetry of Al-Saheb bin Abbad:
She said, "Whoever wins Badr with its miracle ***So I said, "Strike the creation of Allah with illnesses."
She said, "The lion of Al-Ahzab faced it ***I said the hero who killed Amr Al-Daygham
She said, "Whoever invites the bird to eat it ***I said the nearest one who is the best and an imposter."
She said, "Whoever prevailed on the day of Al-Ghadeer***" I said, "Whoever is good for Islam and faithful."
She said: In whoever came in, did honor come * So I said, I will give the people of the earth to the sole
She said, whoever gave his ring as alms...so I said to stab him since he was in the praying
She said, "Whoever is the partner of Hell will contribute to it *," So she said, "Whoever saw in him to be smarter than the flame."
She said, who is like Haron to know? * I said he who did not leave one day and still
She said, who fought the people, as they abstained? * I said its interpretation in the battle of Jamal
She said, "Whoever fights the defilement when they made sins*** I said two rows showing the working page."
She said, "From those who fought the defilement when they were promoted, * I said the meaning of the day of Nahrawan is clear."
She said, "Who is the owner of the honorable basin tomorrow? * So I said from his house in the most honored place."
She said: Is everything that I said is in a man * So I said: All that I have said is in a man
She said, who is this individual? Name him for us * Then I said Amir al-Muminin, Ali
It was stated in the book "Virtues of Imam Ali":
He granted Gabriel and Michael one night ** on him and Israfil greeted him, expressing
They surrounded him in a splendor that he came to draw **, and he was on a thousand by which they partisan
Three thousand angels greeted ... him, and he brought them close, greeted and welcomed
Some texts showed: Alis, peace be upon him, partnership in fighting the three polytheists at the beginning of the battle was the one that settled the situation in favor of the Muslims. It was mentioned in the book of “Al-Mokanaa” that Hind said:
I hadnt any kind of the patience of my father, my uncle, and my own brother
My brother, who was like a full moon in them, via them you broke, O Ali, my back
In praise of Amir al-Muminin, peace be upon him, Sayyid Al-Hamiri said regarding the Battle of Badr:
And in Badr he had a famous devastating impact on the people of misery
He killed Shaybah and Al-Walid in a terrifying way
And he gave Utbah the same way of killing where he poured on him all of his anger
Quranic verses related to the Battle:
The battle of Badr "despite its small size" was a decisive factor in the history of Islam. That is why Allah Almighty called it in his book "The Day of the Criterion", because he distinguished in it between truth and falsehood, and many of the verses that were mentioned at the time of the battle of Badr, where Allah Almighty supported Holy Messenger and Muslims his victory, where he says: (You have had a verse in the two categories that intersected with a class fighting for Allah and other that is infidel they see them with eye and Allah support his victory for those who He want in this there is a lesson for whom have a sight).
And from the surahs that, before the fighting took place, Allah Almighty sent down to His Prophet, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family: “And if they incline towards peace, then he will succumb to it.” So he sent, may Allahs prayers and peace be upon him and his family, to the polytheists forbidding them from fighting, but their leaders insisted on war.
Also among the verses in support of victory in Badr:
(And Allah has given you victory in evil, while you are subjugated). "Surat Al-Imran"
It is mentioned in the “Burning Thunderbolts,” and also in “Mustadrak Safinat Al-Bahar”, that it was descended about Ali, Hamzah, and Ubaidah in the Battle of Badr, the Almighty saying: {Among the believers are men who have believed what they have pledged to Allah}. It was also said in “Al-Manakeb” for "Al-Khwarizmi" that it was revealed in for the Imam Ali, peace be upon him alone.
